Patriarchs
Epoch 15 · c. 2080 BC
Hagar and Ishmael
Abram and Sarai attempt to secure the promise through human strategy, creating pain that reverberates across generations.
Header image source: Unsplash search: desert camp
Bible references
Scripture in full
The passages connected to this timeline moment are shown in full below.
Genesis 16:1-16
Now Sarai, the wife of Abram, had borne him no children. And she had an Egyptian female slave, and her name was Hagar. And Sarai said to Abram, “Look, please, Yahweh has prevented me from bearing children. Please go in to my servant; perhaps I will have children by her.” And Abram listened to the voice of Sarai. Then Sarai, the wife of Abram, took Hagar, her Egyptian female slave, after Abram had lived ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to Abram her husband as his wife. And he went in to Hagar, and she conceived. And when she saw that she had conceived, then her mistress grew small in her eyes. And Sarai said to Abram, “may my harm be upon you. I had my slave sleep with you, and when she saw that she had conceived, she no longer respected me. May Yahweh judge between me and you!” And Abram said to Sarai, “Look, your slave is under your authority. Do to her that which is good in your eyes.” And Sarai mistreated her, and she fled from her presence. And the angel of Yahweh found her at a spring of water in the wilderness, at the spring by the road of Shur. And he said to Hagar, the female slave of Sarai, “From where have you come, and where are you going?” And she said, “I am fleeing from the presence of Sarai my mistress.” Then the angel of Yahweh said to her, “Return to your mistress and submit yourself under her authority.” And the angel of Yahweh said to her, “I will greatly multiply your offspring, so that they cannot be counted for their abundance.” And the angel of Yahweh said to her: “Behold, you are pregnant and shall have a son. And you shall call his name Ishmael, for Yahweh has listened to your suffering. And he shall be a wild donkey of a man, his hand will be against everyone, and the hand of everyone will be against him, and he will live in hostility with all his brothers.” So she called the name of Yahweh who spoke to her, “You are El-Roi,” for she said, “Here I have seen after he who sees me.” Therefore the well was called Beer-Lahai-Roi; behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. And Hagar had a child for Abram, a son. And Abram called the name of his son whom Hagar bore to him, Ishmael. And Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.
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Why this moment matters
This episode contrasts human impatience with divine promise. God still shows compassion to Hagar while keeping the covenant line with Isaac.
About this section
God narrows the promise through Abraham's family, forming the covenant line that will bless the nations.
Further study
Previous epoch
Epoch 14 · c. 2085 BC
God Cuts Covenant with Abram
Next epoch
Epoch 16 · c. 2067 BC
Covenant Sign and New Names
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